When I hear the terms strength training, bodybuilding, or powerlifting, I lump all three into the same category: strength. While all three require strength, their purposes are all very different. Here are some of the differences:
Bodybuilding
Bodybuilding is based mainly on aesthetic appearance. It is primarily about having a nice physique that is well proportioned. Many bodybuilders have a very low body fat percentage in order to achieve that sculpted look. You do build strength by following a bodybuilder workout, however, strength usually isn't the main goal.
Powerlifting
Powerlifters are all about strength. Have you ever watched a strongman competition? The competitors can lift huge amounts of weight. Powerlifting is the opposite of bodybuilding in that it doesn't focus on outward appearance. Many powerlifters have a much higher percentage of body fat compared to bodybuilders. Powerlifting competitions focus on three events: the squat, bench press, and deadlift.
Strength Training
Strength training is a form of exercise rather than a sport like bodybuilding and powerlifting. You may also hear strength training referred to as "resistance training." There are so many benefits to strength training to include increased muscle mass, bone density, and overall improved functional strength. It also tones you up which is what most people like to achieve when working out. If your goals don't involve competition, then strength training is probably the best bet.
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If your training to get bigger most people get in to strength training. You have to get stronger to get bigger so it seems the logical way to go.